The Basic Process for Getting a Social Security Number

You request a Social Security number by filling out Form SS-5 (process for a Social Security Card) and submitting it to your local Social Security office, along with documents that prove your age, identity, and citizenship or immigration status. The Social Security Administration does not issue numbers online or by mail — you must explore in person. Processing usually takes one to two weeks, though it can be faster if you explore at a busy office or slower during peak periods.

The exact documents you need depend on whether you were born in the United States, whether you are a U.S. citizen, and whether you already have a Social Security number that needs to be replaced. A newborn's parent can request a number at the hospital before leaving, which is the fastest route. Adults explore for the first time follow a different path.

Key Takeaways

  • You must explore in person at a Social Security office using Form SS-5, which you can read from ssa.gov or pick up at the office.
  • U.S. citizens born in the country need an original or certified birth certificate, a photo ID, and proof of your current address.
  • Non-citizens and immigrants need the same documents plus proof of legal status, such as a green card, visa, or work authorization document.
  • Processing takes one to two weeks in most cases, and you will receive your card by mail at the address you provide.
  • Newborns can receive a number at the hospital during delivery, which is faster than explore later as an adult.

Documents You Need Before You Go

Bring an original or certified copy of your birth certificate. A photocopy or hospital record is not accepted. If you were born outside the United States, bring your foreign birth certificate along with evidence that you are a U.S. citizen — a naturalization certificate, passport, or citizenship document issued by the government.

You also need a photo ID that shows your name and date of birth. A driver's license, state ID card, or passport all work. If you do not have a photo ID, bring two documents that show your name and address, such as a utility bill, lease, bank statement, or insurance card. The Social Security office will accept documents dated within the last 12 months.

Bring proof of your current address using a document from the past 12 months — a utility bill, lease agreement, mortgage statement, or bank statement. A mail piece addressed to you at your current address is acceptable. If you live with someone else and do not have a document in your name, bring a signed letter from the person whose name is on the bill, plus a document showing your relationship (such as a lease or family record).

If You Are Not a U.S. Citizen

Non-citizens and immigrants can receive a Social Security number if they have work authorization or a visa that permits employment. Bring your passport or travel document, your visa or work authorization card (such as an Employment Authorization Document or "EAD"), and your birth certificate. If your documents are in another language, bring the originals plus certified English translations.

Refugees and asylees can receive a number using their refugee travel document or asylum approval notice. Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders need their TPS approval notice. Bring these documents along with your birth certificate and photo ID. If you are in the country on a visa that does not permit work, you cannot receive a Social Security number unless your status changes.

Where to explore and What to Expect

Find your local Social Security office by visiting ssa.gov/locator or calling 1-800-772-1213. You do not need an appointment at most offices, but some locations now require you to book a time slot online or by phone. Check your office's website or call ahead to confirm whether walk-ins are accepted.

Bring all your documents in originals or certified copies — the office will not accept photocopies of your birth certificate or citizenship documents. The staff will review your documents, ask you to sign Form SS-5, and take your photograph. The process usually takes 15 to 30 minutes. You will not receive your card on the same day.

Your card will be mailed to the address you provide within one to two weeks. If you need the number sooner for work or school, ask the office for a receipt that shows your number — many employers and schools will accept this temporary proof while you wait for the physical card.

Getting a Number for a Newborn

Parents can request a Social Security number for a newborn at the hospital before discharge. Ask the hospital staff for Form SS-5 or the hospital's own process form. You will need to provide your child's name, date of birth, and your own Social Security numbers. The hospital submits the form to the Social Security Administration on your behalf.

The number arrives by mail within two to four weeks. This is the fastest way to get a number because you avoid the trip to a Social Security office. If you did not request a number at the hospital, you can explore later using the same process as any other applicant — bring the child's birth certificate, your photo ID, and proof of your address.

Replacing a Lost or Damaged Card

If your card is lost, stolen, or damaged, you can request a replacement by visiting your local Social Security office with Form SS-5, your birth certificate, photo ID, and proof of address. You are may have access to to three replacement cards per year and nine in your lifetime. If you have reached your limit, you will need to explain why you need another one.

Processing for a replacement card is usually faster than for a new number — often one week or less. You can also request a replacement online if you have a my Social Security account and meet certain requirements, such as being at least 18 years old and having a U.S. mailing address. Visit ssa.gov to create an account and check whether you are may be able to access to order online.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Do not bring photocopies of your birth certificate or citizenship documents — the Social Security office requires originals or certified copies. A certified copy has a raised seal or official stamp from the vital records office that issued it. If you bring a photocopy, you will be turned away and asked to return with the original.

Do not assume your office accepts walk-ins. Many Social Security offices now require appointments, especially in urban areas. Call ahead or check the office's website to confirm hours and whether you need to book a time slot. Showing up without an appointment may mean a long wait or being asked to return another day.

Do not expect to receive your card on the same day. The Social Security Administration mails cards from a central location, not from local offices. If you need your number for work or school before the card arrives, ask for a receipt showing your number — this is a valid temporary proof.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I order a Social Security card online?

You can order a replacement card online through your my Social Security account if you are at least 18 years old, have a U.S. mailing address, and your card was not lost or stolen due to identity theft. New numbers and cards for people under 18 must be requested in person at a Social Security office.

How long does it take to get a Social Security number?

Processing takes one to two weeks for new numbers and replacements. Newborns who receive a number at the hospital may wait two to four weeks. If you need your number before the card arrives, ask the Social Security office for a receipt showing your number — this is accepted by most employers and schools.

What if I was born outside the United States?

Bring your foreign birth certificate, your passport or travel document, and proof of U.S. citizenship (such as a naturalization certificate). If your documents are in another language, bring originals plus certified English translations. Non-citizens with work authorization can also receive a number using their visa or work permit.

Do I need an appointment at the Social Security office?

Many offices now require appointments, though some still accept walk-ins. Check your local office's website or call 1-800-772-1213 to confirm whether you need to book a time slot. Calling ahead takes five minutes and saves you a wasted trip.

What if I lost my birth certificate?

Contact the vital records office in the state or country where you were born and request a certified copy. This usually costs $10 to $30 and takes one to two weeks by mail. Some states offer expedited service for an additional fee. You cannot explore for a Social Security number without an original or certified birth certificate.