Medicare covers bone density tests under Part B, but only if your doctor orders one and you meet specific medical criteria.

A bone density test (also called a DEXA scan or DXA scan) measures how dense your bones are and helps detect osteoporosis or the early stages of bone loss. Medicare Part B covers this test when a doctor orders it for medical reasons — not for routine screening in everyone over 65.

You pay 20 percent of the Medicare-approved amount after you meet your Part B deductible. The test itself is usually done at a hospital, imaging center, or doctor's office and takes about 10 to 30 minutes.

Key Takeaways

  • Medicare Part B covers bone density tests when ordered by your doctor if you have risk factors for bone loss or a condition that affects bone health.
  • You are responsible for 20 percent of the cost after meeting your annual Part B deductible; the other 80 percent is covered by Medicare.
  • Women over 65 and men over 70 may be covered for screening even without symptoms, depending on risk factors.
  • Your doctor must order the test for it to be covered — you cannot schedule one on your own for screening purposes.
  • The test is painless and non-invasive, usually taking place at a hospital or imaging center near you.

Who Medicare covers for bone density testing

Medicare covers a bone density test if you have symptoms or conditions that suggest bone loss. These include a history of fractures, use of certain medications (like corticosteroids), hormonal changes, or diseases that affect bone strength such as rheumatoid arthritis or kidney disease.

Women over 65 and men over 70 may be covered for screening even without symptoms, particularly if they have risk factors like low body weight, family history of osteoporosis, or previous fractures. Your doctor determines whether you fit these criteria and whether a test is medically necessary.

If you have already had a bone density test within the past two years, Medicare typically will not cover another one unless your doctor documents a medical reason for repeat testing.

How to get a bone density test through Medicare

Start by talking to your primary care doctor or a specialist about your bone health concerns. Mention any fractures, falls, family history of osteoporosis, or medications you take that affect bone density. Your doctor will decide whether a bone density test is needed.

If your doctor orders the test, ask which imaging center or hospital they recommend. Make sure the facility accepts Medicare. When you call to schedule, tell them you have Medicare Part B and ask about your out-of-pocket cost — this depends on whether you have met your deductible and whether the facility is in-network.

Bring your Medicare card and any insurance documents to your appointment. The test itself requires no special preparation, though you may be asked to remove metal objects and wear a hospital gown or comfortable clothing without zippers.

What the test costs under Medicare

The amount you pay depends on two things: whether you have met your Part B deductible for the year, and whether the imaging center is in-network with Medicare.

If you have not met your deductible, you pay the full deductible amount first (the 2024 Part B deductible is $240, though this amount changes yearly). After that, Medicare pays 80 percent of the approved cost, and you pay 20 percent.

The actual cost varies by location and facility. A bone density test typically costs between $100 and $300 before insurance, but the Medicare-approved amount is usually lower. If the facility is out-of-network, you may owe more.

Bone density tests Medicare does not cover

Medicare does not cover bone density screening for people without symptoms or risk factors, even if you request one. If your doctor does not order the test, or if you have had one within the past two years without a new medical reason, Medicare will not pay for it.

If you want a bone density test for personal reasons — such as general wellness screening — you would need to pay out of pocket. Some employers or supplemental insurance plans may cover screening, so check your coverage before paying yourself.

What happens after your bone density test

Results usually come back within a few days to a week. Your doctor will review them with you and explain what they mean. The test produces a T-score, which compares your bone density to that of a healthy young adult. A normal score is -1 or higher; a score between -1 and -2.5 suggests low bone mass; and a score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis.

If the results show bone loss, your doctor may recommend treatment, lifestyle changes (like exercise and calcium intake), or monitoring with another test in a few years. If you have osteoporosis, Medicare Part B also covers certain medications and follow-up care related to bone health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get a bone density test without a doctor's order?

No. Medicare only covers bone density tests when your doctor orders them for a medical reason. If you schedule one on your own, Medicare will not pay for it, and you will owe the full cost.

How often does Medicare cover bone density tests?

Medicare typically covers one bone density test every two years. If your doctor documents a medical reason for more frequent testing — such as monitoring treatment for osteoporosis — coverage may be available more often, but this requires your doctor's documentation.

Does Medicare Part D cover osteoporosis medications?

Part D covers some osteoporosis medications, but coverage varies by plan. After a bone density test shows bone loss, ask your doctor which medications are covered under your specific Part D plan before starting treatment.

What if my imaging center is out-of-network?

You may owe more if the facility does not accept Medicare assignment. Before scheduling, ask the facility whether they are in-network and what your out-of-pocket cost will be. In-network facilities charge the Medicare-approved amount; out-of-network facilities may charge more.

Do I need a referral to get a bone density test?

No referral is required, but your doctor must order the test. Once your doctor orders it, you can call imaging centers directly to schedule. Always confirm the facility accepts Medicare before booking.